چکیده (انگلیسی):

In thisreview, weprovide an over view of the process of problem based learning (PBL) and the studies examiningthe effectiveness ofPBL .Wealsodiscussanumberofnaturalisticandempirical studies that have examined the process of PBLand how its various components impact students’ learning. Weconclude that the studies comparing the relative effective ness of PBL are generally consistentin demonstratin gitssu perior efficacy forlonger-termknowledge retention and in the application of knowledge. Studies on the process of PBL, however, are still in conclusive as to which component (s) of PBL mostsign ificantly impact students’ learning, although causal studies have demonstrated thatall the phasesof PBL are necessaryin influencing students’ learning outcomes