چکیده (انگلیسی):

Principle of duality and numerical calculation of income and substitution effects under Hicksian
Compensation are often left out of intermediate microeconomics courses because they require a
rigorous calculus based analysis. But these topics are critically important for understanding
consumer behavior. In this paper we use excel solver- a spreadsheet optimizer to demonstrate how
these topics can be taught in an undergraduate economics class with appropriate rigor but without
using calculus. We also demonstrate how our methodology can be applied to Slutsky Compensatio n
and to complex utility functions.