چکیده (انگلیسی):

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have emerged recently as an important component of the immune system
and the cell type that regulates mucosal immune responses and tissue homeostasis. Group 2 ILCs (ILC2s),
a subset of ILCs, reside in various tissues and are characterized by their capacity to produce type 2 cytokines
and tissue growth factors. These ILC2s play an important role in allergic immune responses by
linking signals in the atmospheric environment to the immune system. Fungi are one of the major allergens
associated with human asthma, and animal and in vitro models using the fungal allergens have
provided significant information toward our understanding of the mechanisms of allergic disease. In
mouse models of fungus-induced allergic airway inflammation, IL-33, IL-25, and TSLP are released by
airway epithelial cells. Lung ILC2s that respond to these cytokines quickly produce a large quantity of
type 2 cytokines, resulting in airway eosinophilia, mucus production, and airway hyperreactivity even in
the absence of adaptive immune cells. Evidence also suggests that ILC2s interact with conventional
immune cells, such as CD4þ T cells, and facilitate development of adaptive immune response and
persistent airway inflammation. ILC2s are also present in respiratory mucosa in humans. Further investigations
into the biology of ILC2s and their roles in the pathophysiology of allergic diseases will
provide major conceptual advances in the field and may provide useful information toward development
of new therapeutic strategies for patients.