چکیده (انگلیسی):

Objective: To identify and to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of Acinetobacter
baumannii (A. baumannii) clinical isolates from ICU at Aseer Central Hospital.
Methods: The study was conducted in the Intensive Care Unit, Aseer Central Hospital,
Saudi Arabia over 13 months period (2014–2015). Acinetobacter species (n = 105) were
isolated from various clinical samples. Isolates were identified using selected phenotypic
criteria and confirmed using the Vitek 2 automated system. This system was used to
determine the susceptibilities of 21 antimicrobial agents. Patients, isolates and drug data
were analyzed using the SPSS statistical software package to determine some epidemiological
and microbiological patterns.
Results: Of the 105 stains, A. baumannii accounted for 49 (46.67%), A. baumannii
complex, 19 (18.09%), A. baumannii/haemolyticus 32 (30.47), Acinetobacter haemolyticus
4 (3.81%), Acinetobater lwoffii 1 (0.95%) and unidentified Acinetobater species 2
(1.3%). Of the 105 Acinetobacter strains, 103 (98.1%) were found multidrug resistant
(MDR). A. baumannii strain were 100% sensitive to colistin and 74.5% to
trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole. The remaining 19 antimicrobial agents revealed low or
no sensitivities: amikacin 16.3%; ampicillin 7.7%; ceftazidime, 7.3%. Distribution of
similar sensitivities was shown by other Acinetobacter species. Mean number of isolates
from males and females indicates no statistical variation (P = 0.867) whereas age groups
showed significant differences (P = 0.008) as it is clear from the high percentage of
infected individuals more than 60 years followed by those aged 20–29 years old
(19.05%). Upper respiratory tract (30.48%), lower respiratory tract (47.65%) and subcutaneous
tissue (9.5%) were the main sources of Acinetobacter spp. but mean numbers
of isolates from these specimens indicate no discrepancy between specimens (P = 0.731).
Conclusions: Acinetobacter species including A. baumannii were found MDR (98.1%)
according to the current Acinetobacter spp. antimicrobial categorization. Approximately
half of these strains were A. baumannii. All Acinetobacter species were 100% sensitive to
colistin and to some extent to trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole (74.5%). ICU-acquired
pneumonia among patients over 60 years of age who spend prolong times at artificial
ventilations made up the majority of the cases.