چکیده (انگلیسی):

Of the many books, essays, and articles written on Langston Hughes, none has
embarked upon an investigation of his use of the “power of time” in his writings,
whether verse or prose. For Hughes, resorting to time stems from many sources
foremost among which is his desire for a distinct ethnic history that buttresses the
Black sense of belonging and, thereby, eliminates all feelings of alienation and
solitude. Hughes’s insistence on a distinct black art utilizing black themes and styles
is an affirmation of black existence, but his unremitting usage of time is even a
greater insistence on planting roots for such “existence,” on tracing antiquity and,
hence, historicity for his people. To transcend the continuity of such an existence,
Hughes also resorts to the future dimension of time—usually in the form of a
dream which is, sometimes, intertwined with the past dimension to foster the power
of such a dream. However, Hughes, whose mastery of language allows him to shape
time as his substance, also uses time as a device for creating irony to expose the
absurdity of the fallacious notion of a "superior" white culture in a way that is never
bitter or extreme