چکیده (انگلیسی):

Phospholipase A2s (PLA2s) are a group of enzymes that hydrolyze the sn-2 position of phospholipids to
release (typically unsaturated) fatty acids and lysophospholipids, which serve as precursors for a variety
of bioactive lipid mediators. Among the PLA2 superfamily, secreted PLA2 (sPLA2) enzymes comprise the
largest subfamily that includes 11 isoforms with a conserved HiseAsp catalytic dyad. Individual sPLA2
enzymes exhibit unique tissue and cellular localizations and specific enzymatic properties, suggesting
their distinct biological roles. Recent studies using transgenic and knockout mice for individual sPLA2
isofoms have revealed their involvement in various pathophysiological events. Here, we overview the
current state of knowledge about sPLA2s, specifically their roles in mast cells (MCs) in the context of
allergology. In particular, we highlight group III sPLA2 (PLA2G3) as an “anaphylactic sPLA2” that promotes
MC maturation and thereby anaphylaxis through a previously unrecognized lipid-orchestrated circuit.