چکیده (انگلیسی):

Nocardia is an opportunistic pathogen that causes respiratory infections in immunocompro-mised patients. The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiology, clinical significanceand antimicrobial susceptibility of Nocardia species isolated from eight children with cys-tic fibrosis. The isolated species were identified as Nocardia farcinica, Nocardia transvalensis,Nocardia pneumoniae, Nocardia veterana and Nocardia wallacei. N. farcinica was isolated in threepatients and all of them presented lung affectation with a chronic colonization and pneu-monia. N. farcinica showed resistance against gentamicin, tobramycin, cefotaxime, but wassusceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and amikacin. N. transvalensis, which wasisolated from two patients, showed an association with chronic colonization. N. transvalensiswas resistant to tobramycin and amikacin, but susceptible to ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and cefotaxime. N. veterana, N. pneumoniae and N. wallacei were isolatedfrom three different patients and appeared in transitory lung colonization. N. veterana andN. pneumoniae were susceptible to imipenem, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, amikacin,tobramycin, and cefotaxime. N. wallacei was resistant to amikacin, tobramycin, imipenem,and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and susceptible to ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime. Allthe isolates were identified up to species level by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The presenceof Nocardia in the sputum of patients with cystic fibrosis is not always an indication of anactive infection; therefore, the need for a treatment should be evaluated on an individ-ual basis. The detection of multidrug-resistant species needs molecular identification andsusceptibility testing, and should be performed for all Nocardia infections.© 2016 Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. This isan open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).