چکیده (انگلیسی):

Recent advances in our understanding of proallergic cytokines and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s)
indicate their critical roles in type 2 immunity-mediated disorders. Proallergic cytokines, interleukin (IL)-
25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin, are released from epithelial cells in inflamed tissues and
drive type 2 inflammation by acting on innate and acquired immune systems. ILC2s are an innate immune
population that responds to proallergic cytokines by producing type 2 cytokines. In line with
allergic disorders in the lung, skin, and intestine, emerging evidence suggests the involvement of
proallergic cytokines and ILC2s in allergic nasal diseases such as chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps
(CRSwNP), allergic fungal rhinosinusitis, and allergic rhinitis (AR). In CRSwNP patients, both proallergic
cytokine levels and ILC2s frequency are increased in the nasal mucosa. Increased proallergic cytokine
levels correlate with poorer disease outcomes in CRSwNP. Levels of nasal proallergic cytokines are also
elevated in AR patients. In addition, animal studies demonstrate that cytokines are essential for the
development of AR. It is becoming clear that the proallergic cytokine/ILC2s axis participates in allergic
diseases by multiple mechanisms dependent upon the inflammatory context. Thus, a thorough understanding
of these cytokines and ILC2s including their tissue- and disease-specific roles is essential for
targeting the pathways to achieve therapeutic applications.