چکیده (انگلیسی):

Background: The parent-to-child influences can be adaptive and contribute to the optimal psychological well-being and positive perception of the
athlete. Contrary to the healthy parental involvement, a family can also have negative effects on an athlete development. The purpose of this
study was to determine gender, father involvement, and mother involvement differences in the psychological profiles of collegiate freshmen
athletes as measured by perfectionism, physical self-concept, and psychological well-being.
Methods: Eighty-two male and 73 female collegiate freshmen responded to self-reported measures of family involvement, perfectionism,
physical self-concept, and psychological well-being. Three separate 2
2
2 (gender
mother involvement
father involvement) factorial
multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVAs) were carried out on the respective subscales from the reported measures.
Results: There were significant differences for gender as well as father involvement in perfectionism ( p < 0.01). Freshmen females had lower
concern over mistakes, and greater levels of organization as well as planfulness than males. Furthermore, freshmen athletes with high involved
fathers showed greater levels of high standards for others as well as organization.
Conclusion: Father involvement and mother involvement impact extends through the freshmen year in college as shown in the athletes’
perfectionism, physical self-concept, and psychological well-being. Future research should develop better measures and utilize a family systems
perspective.