چکیده (انگلیسی):

Culex pipiens is an important vector of pathogens of substantial medical and veterinary importance
such as Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens or the West Nile Virus. The control of
these mosquitoes is therefore essential to control the transmission of mosquito-borne agents
to humans and animals. A combination of dinotefuran, permethrin and pyriproxyfen (Vectra®
3D) has already shown its efficacy against Aedes aegypti. The aim of this study was to confirm
the efficacy of this combination in repelling and killing another species of mosquito, Culex
pipiens, after a single topical application to dogs.
Twelve adult Beagle dogs with an equal receptivity to mosquitoes were included in the study
and divided in two groups of six dogs: an untreated control group and a group treated with a
combination containing 54 mg/mL dinotefuran +4.84 mg/mL pyriproxyfen +397 mg/mL permethrin
(Vectra® 3D). All dogs were challenged with 80 Culex pipiens females for 90 ± 5 min
on Days - 28, 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28. The treatment was applied once topically on Day 0. Count and
engorgement determination of dead and live mosquitoes were performed after each exposure
to treated and untreated dogs.
Compared to control dogs, the spot-on formulation provided a repellent efficacy (anti-feeding
effect) against mosquitoes of 98.9%, 98.8%, 98.6%, 96.7% and 97.9% on Days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28
respectively. There was a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) between the treated and controlled
groups on every assessment day. The insecticidal efficacy on treated dogs at 90 min was
34.7%, 50.3%, 39.7%, 22.8% and 11.4% on Days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 respectively. There was a significant
difference between the treated and controlled groups for live mosquitoes for all assessment
days (p b 0.05).
A single topical application of a combination of dinotefuran, permethrin and pyriproxyfen showed a
significant repellent effect (i.e. N96%) against Culex pipiens which lasted for 28 days. The results
suggest that the Vectra® 3D spot-on solution could be used as an effectivemosquito control strategy
in dogs and is therefore recommended for use in a dirofilariosis prevention programme.
© 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of World Federation of Parasitologists.
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).