چکیده (انگلیسی):

Background: Primary amenorrhea (PA) is proposed to have multiple etiological factors
that include genetic factors, intrauterine malformations, endocrine dysfunction and environmental
factors, as revealed by previous studies pertaining to amenorrhea. However, among the various proposed
etiologies, genetic factors appear to be highly associated with PA as approximately 40% of
PA cases have been found to have genetic causes.
Aim of the study: The present study was proposed to establish the frequency and pattern of
chromosomal abnormalities in PA cases of Kashmir.
Subjects and methods: A total of 108 females within the age group of 14–33 years and having a
history of amenorrhea were included in the study. Peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures were set for
each subject according to standard protocol and chromosomal analysis was carried out on well
spread metaphases by the help of Cytovision software Version 3.9.
Results: The results of the present study reveal that the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities
in PA cases of this region is almost similar with those of many reports around the world. However,
we report two unique chromosomal alterations viz., 46,XX, dup2q(13) and 46,XX, t(2,5)(p11.2;q34)
that have not been found elsewhere in the literature.
Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that chromosomal analysis of females with
PA, after the exclusion of non-genetic causes, should be essentially considered for the precise diagnosis
and the development of more successful treatment. The study being the first of its kind in this
part of the world forms the basis for further studies of the PA cases of this region. The precise
molecular characterization of the unique breakpoint regions reported in our study can possibly help
in the identification of new genes involved in primary amenorrhea.