چکیده (انگلیسی):

Tobacco use behaviors have changed significantly over the past century. After a steep increase in
cigarette use rates over the first half of the 20th century, adult smoking prevalence rates started
declining from their peak reached in 1964. Improved understanding of the health risks of smoking
has been aided by the United States Surgeon General’s Reports, issued on a nearly annual basis
starting in 1964. Among the many forces driving down smoking prevalence were the recognition
of tobacco use as an addiction and cause of cancer, along with concerns about the ill-effects of
breathing secondhand smoke. These factors contributed to the declining social acceptance of
smoking, especially with the advent of legal restrictions on smoking in public spaces, mass media
counter- marketing campaigns, and higher taxes on cigarettes. This paper reviews some of the
forces that have helped change the public image of smoking, focusing on the 50 years since the
1964 Surgeon General’s report on smoking and health