چکیده (انگلیسی):

In recent years, it has become consumedly clear that changing of epigenetic modification
is essential during both early and late oogenesis and spermatogenesis. Also epigenetic
modifications are involved in some cases such as embryo development and growth,
diseases and responsible for X-chromosome inactivation and genomic imprinting.
Epigenetic reprogramming can be explained as any mitotic or meiotic changing which
does not result any alteration in DNA sequence but will have important effect on the
normal embryonic development. Germline epigenetic reprogramming in addition to
requiring epigenetic modification to compose the germline, the primordial germ cells
uniquely undergo striking wave of epigenetic reprogramming that most other lineage do
not undergo. Epigenetic modification is affected by both internal factors and environmental
factors during pre- and post-natal development. Because all of the epigenetic
modification steps are not clear, by means of understanding epigenetic modification,
misreprogramming of these steps can be modified with the aid of drugs and nutrients.
Moreover, epigenetic regulation is essential to obtain the biological intricacy of multicellular
organisms, cloning and producing of offspring by assisted reproductive technology
(ART).
The objective of this review is to provide comprehensive summary of the current
knowledge in the field of epigenetic modification in relation to male and female germline
development and reproduction.