چکیده (انگلیسی):

Erythrophleum ivorense and Parquetina nigrescens are found growing in tropical regions and
they are used in African traditional medicine to treat various ailments including wounds,
boils and anaemic conditions. Some species of plant in the Erythrophleum genus are also
known to be poisonous and toxic to several livestock. However, there is no information
on the toxicity of E. ivorense and P. nigrescens. This study is to determine the cytotoxicity
and subchronic toxicity properties of methanol leaf extract (EIML) and methanol stem
barks extract (EIMB) of E. ivorense and methanol leaf and aerial part extract of P. nigrescens
(PNML). Concentrations from 0.1 to 100 g/mL of the extracts were used to determine
the influence of the extracts on the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from HaCaT
keratinocytes. The EIML and EIMB extracts showed increase in LDH released from HaCaT
keratinocytes at 0.1–10 g/mL and 1–100 g/mL for the PNML extracts (p > 0.05). Wistar
rats were orally administered with 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg body weight of the extracts
(EIML, EIMB and PNML, respectively) for 35 days. Tissues from the kidney and liver of
the rats treated with lower doses (100–300 mg/kg body weight) of EIML extract showed
highly vascularized kidneys with numerous glomerular tufts, healthy hepatocytes and sinusoids
in liver. However, there were persistent renal tissue inflammation and glomerular
degeneration in kidney, and increased inflammatory infiltrates with few vacuolations and
scarrings in liver in rats treated with higher extract dose of 1000 mg/kg body weight of
rat. The rats treated with EIMB extract showed persistent renal and hepatocyte inflammations
with glomerular and hepatocyte necrosis at all administered doses (100, 300 and
1000 mg/kg body weight) which are indications of renal and hepatic toxicities. Though
rats administered with 100 and 300 mg/kg of PNML extract showed renal haemorrhage
and inflammation and hepatic inflammation, the rats administered with 1000 mg/kg body
weight showed restoring glomerular tufts and improved vasculature and liver with reduced
inflammatory infiltrates with healthy hepatocytes. Phytochemical screening of EIML, EIMB
and PNML extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, sterols, cardiac
glycosides and terpenoids.