چکیده (انگلیسی):

In this paper, we examine Greek cardinal Bessarion’s (1403-1472) last work,
Epistolae et Orationes contra Turcos, in 1470. Bessarion’s book was printed for first
time to the Press of Sorbonne’s University under the auspices of the professor and
humanist Guillaume Fichet, who made sure so as this work to arrive in the hands of
all powerful European sovereigns. Regarding the present paper, it was used the third
work’s edition of Bessarion, which took place in Rome, in 1543. Our work, as it is
obvious from its title, is consisted of two basic parts: a) the letters (Epistolae) and b)
the speeches (Orationes). The first part counts four letters (the Fichet’s letter to
Edward the fourth and the three letters of Bessarion to Fichet, to the Italian
sovereigns and to the abbot Bessarion respectively), while the second section is
consisted of two admonitory speeches of Bessarion to the Italian rulers and the latin
translation of Demosthenes’ first Olynthiac speech, which was elaborated by the
cardinal himself. In his swan song, Bessarion reveals his wisdom, as well as his deep
grief and sore for his homeland which was captured. He also exhibits the attempts
of the struggle against Turks, which were resultless.