چکیده (انگلیسی):

Discoveries from basic science research in the last decade have brought significant progress in knowledge
of pathophysiologic processes of allergic diseases, with a compelling impact on understanding of
the natural history, risk prediction, treatment selection or mechanism-specific prevention strategies. The
view of the pathophysiology of allergic diseases developed from a mechanistic approach, with a focus on
symptoms and organ function, to the recognition of a complex network of immunological pathways.
Several subtypes of inflammation and complex immune-regulatory networks and the reasons for their
failure are now described, that open the way for the development of new diagnostic tools and innovative
targeted-treatments. An endotype is a subtype of a disease condition, which is defined by a distinct
pathophysiological mechanism, whereas a disease phenotype defines any observable characteristic of a
disease without any implication of a mechanism. Another key word linked to disease endotyping is
biomarker that is measured and evaluated to examine any biological or pathogenic processes, including
response to a therapeutic intervention. These three keywords will be discussed more and more in the
future with the upcoming efforts to revolutionize patient care in the direction of precision medicine and
precision health. The understanding of disease endotypes based on pathophysiological principles and
their validation across clinically meaningful outcomes in asthma, allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis,
atopic dermatitis and food allergy will be crucial for the success of precision medicine as a new approach
to patient management.