چکیده (انگلیسی):

Although protected areas are central to global biodiversity conservation, off-reserve forests are
increasingly recognized as potentially important for the long term conservation of biota, particularly in
Less-developed countries where communities rely directly on resources from natural areas. We assessed
The conservation value of differently managed forests for birds in lowland tropical forests of Nepal. In
particular, we explored whether their conservation value was additional or complementary to those of
Formal protected areas. Using data collected from 112 sites in protected areas (n = 31), state managed
Forests (n = 37) and community managed forests (n = 44), we assessed how bird species richness, abundance, diversity and community composition varied among tenures. Although sites in protected areas
had the greatest species diversity, community managed forests supported a complementary assemblage.
Of 124 species recorded, only 45% were common to all management tenures. Overall, the distinctiveness
and richness of species in sites in forests outside of protected areas contributed substantially to regional
Avifaunal diversity. These results highlight the potentially critical role of appropriately managed community forests. The maintenance of diverse bird assemblages in forest regions depends on complementary management of forests both outside and inside the established protected areas.