چکیده (انگلیسی):

Background: Probiotic administration may be a useful method for preventing allergies in infants; however,
there have been controversial results about the efficacy. We investigated the effects of bifidobacterial supplementation
on the risk of developing allergic diseases in the Japanese population.
Methods: In an open trial, we gave Bifidobacterium breve M-16V and Bifidobacterium longum BB536 prenatally
to 130 mothers beginning 1 month prior to delivery and postnatally to their infants for 6 months. Another 36
mother-infant pairs served as controls and did not receive the bifidobacterial supplementation. Development of
allergic symptoms in the infants was assessed at 4, 10 and 18 months of age. Fecal samples were collected
from the mothers and infants.
Results: The risk of developing eczemaatopic dermatitis (AD) during the first 18 months of life was significantly
reduced in infants in the probiotic group (OR: 0.231 [95% CI: 0.084-0.628] and 0.304 [0.105-0.892] at 10
and 18 months of age, respectively). Pyrosequencing analyses indicated an altered composition of the fecal microbiota
at 4 months for infants who developed eczemaAD at 4 and 10 months of age. The proportion of Proteobacteria
was significantly lower (P = 0.007) in mothers at the time of delivery who received the supplementation
when compared with the control group and was positively correlated (r = 0.283, P = 0.024) with that of infants
at 4 months of age. No adverse effects were related to the use of probiotics.
Conclusions: These data suggest that the prenatal and postnatal supplementation of bifidobacteria is effective
in primary preventing allergic diseases. Some limited changes in the composition of fecal microbiota by the
bifidobacterial supplementation were observed.