چکیده (انگلیسی):

Background:Ambroxol has a local anaesthetic action and is marketed for pain relief for sore throat. The
objective is to examine the efficacy and safety of ambroxol for the relief of pain associated with acute
uncomplicated sore throat.
Methods:A systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis. Selection criteria consisted of randomized controlled
trials which compared ambroxol to placebo or any other treatment for sore throat. Two reviewers independently
assessed for relevance, inclusion, and risk of bias. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) were calculated and are reported
with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Results and conclusion:From 14 potentially relevant citations, five trials reported in three publications met the
inclusion criteria, three of them were published twice. Ambroxol lozenges were compared in different dosages
(5–30 mg) with mint flavoured lozenges and once with benzocaine. Main outcome was a ratio of pain reduction
measured repeatedly over 3 h compared to baseline on 6-item verbal rating scale. A total of 1.772 adult patients
participated in the trials. Pain intensity decreased in both study arms. A meta-analysis of the 5 controlled trials resulted
in a difference in pain reduction compared to placebo of −0.11 (95% CI [−0.15,−0.07]; p < 0.0001) favouring ambroxol
20 mg. Quality of reporting of the studies was low. Ambroxol is slightly more effective in relieving pain in acute sore
throat than mint flavoured lozenges over a period of 3 h. However, the additional benefits of ambroxol beyond three
hours, remain unclear given that more than 50% of patients using mint flavoured lozenges for pain relief reported
good or very good efficacy after 1 day compared to 69% with ambroxol. Ambroxol is a safe option for individual
patients with mainly local symptoms asking for treatment.