چکیده (انگلیسی):

Background:The Lapinlahti 2005–2010 study was carried out to explore cardiovascular disease risk factors and
changes in lifestyle in Lapinlahti residents in eastern Finland. Our aim was to analyse factors influencing the level of
cholesterol in the community.
Methods:In 2005, 480 subjects aged 30–65 years underwent a complete health survey (baseline study) that
consisted of a structured questionnaire and a health examination. The follow-up was carried out five years later in
2010. The present study population included 326 individuals who did not use lipid-lowering medication at the
baseline. A trained research nurse measured weight, height, waist circumference and blood pressure at the
baseline and follow-up. Respectively, lifestyle factors (nutrition, exercise, smoking and alcohol use) were examined
with a structured questionnaire. Each lifestyle item was valued as−1, 0 or 1, depending on how closely it fitted to
the recommendations. Cholesterol level analyses at the baseline and follow-up were performed according to the
protocol of the Kuopio University Hospital’s medical laboratory. Based on their baseline cholesterol levels, the
participants were divided into tertiles. The age- and sex-adjusted linear trend between the tertiles was tested.
Results:The change in cholesterol level was associated with lipid-lowering medication (P < 0.001). Lifestyle
improvement was associated with the cholesterol level change but did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.061),
although the interaction of lipid-lowering medication and lifestyle change was associated with the change in
cholesterol level (P = 0.018). In multivariate analysis, a favourable change in fat consumption (P = 0.007) and
lipid-lowering medication (P < 0.001) were associated with decreasing cholesterol levels.
Conclusions:At the population level, dyslipidaemia is one of the most easily modifiable risk factors of CHD.
Lipid-lowering medication may have the most significant impact on cholesterol level in communities with primary
health care with good coverage. On the other hand, the potential of health-promoting and population-based
prevention strategies may be underused.